There are 11,300 kilometres (7,000 miles) of highways in Sierra Leone, of which 904km (562mi)[103] are paved (about 8% of the roads). [63], The British interacted mostly with the Krios in Freetown, who did most of the trading with the indigenous peoples of the interior. Within hours after taking office, Stevens was ousted in a bloodless military coup led by Brigadier General David Lansana, the commander of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces. In Freetown there no particular ethnic group that dominates the population since it is home to all of Sierra Leone's people. Like Stevens, Momoh was also a member of the minority Limba ethnic group. [177][178][179] Most the major Muslim and Christian holidays are officially national holidays in the country, and religious conflict is rare.[180]. The Sierra Leone Broadcasting Service (SLBS) was created by the colonial government in 1934 making it the earliest English language radio broadcaster service in West Africa. [79] It is difficult to avoid the economic paralysis in Sierra Leone given that more than half of the population in the country is women. President Kabbah took power with a great promise of ending the civil war. Each district has both major and small cities and towns. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. The report indicated that the countrys just-concluded first digital census proves that the nations population is Seven million, five hundred and forty-eight thousand seven hundred and two (7,548,702). Children, youth and adult are frequently seen playing street football across Sierra Leone. [98] The epidemic occurred as part of the wider Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa. The district has the highest percentage, a total of 10.2%, making it the most populated in the country. In 1562, the English initiated the Triangular Trade when admiral Sir John Hawkins of the Royal Navy transported 300 enslaved Africans acquired "by the sword and partly by other means" to the Spanish colony of Santo Domingo on Hispaniola in the Caribbean Sea area of the West Indies islands, where he sold them. 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Sierra Leone is the first African country to join the International Floorball Federation. [223], Sierra Leone suffers from epidemic outbreaks of diseases, including yellow fever, cholera, Ebola, lassa fever and meningitis. Brooklyn Museum. Sierra Leone is a West African country near the Atlantic Ocean. [107], Deforestation, both for commercial timber and to make room for agriculture, is the major concern and represents an enormous loss of natural economic wealth to the nation. In 2014, an Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone began that widely affected the country,[96] including forcing Sierra Leone to declare a state of emergency. "Gbendembu" had a larger population of 12,139 in that census. The standard of print journalism tends to be low owing to lack of training, and people trust the information published in newspapers less than that found on the radio.[257]. The park is home to elephants, hippos, buffaloes, and many chimpanzees its also listed as a protected area by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP). [64] With this change, the British began to expand their administration in the region, recruiting British citizens to posts and pushing Krios out of positions in government and even the desirable residential areas in Freetown.[64]. In April 1971, a new republican constitution was adopted under which Stevens became president. The city had a population of 34,079 in the 2004 census and a 2013 estimate of 40,000. In June 2005, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) and BirdLife International agreed to support a conservation-sustainable development project in the Gola Forest in south eastern Sierra Leone,[113] an important surviving fragment of rainforest in Sierra Leone. The neighbouring countries include Guinea which borders it to the North east and Liberia to its South East. Calm was not completely restored. The Parliament of Sierra Leone is unicameral, with 146 seats. It is from these hills that the major rivers in the district. Krio is the most widely spoken language across Sierra Leone, spoken by 97% of the country's population. The RSLMF was renamed as the Armed Forces of the Republic of Sierra Leone (AFRSL). The president is the most powerful government official in Sierra Leone.[114]. Antagonism between the two entities escalated to a heated debate in 1947, when proposals were introduced to provide for a single political system for both the Colony and the Protectorate. Port Loko District is a district in the North West Province of Sierra Leone. The Krios, led by Isaac Wallace-Johnson, opposed the proposals, as they would have resulted in reducing the political power of the Krios in the Colony. Also in 2004, a UN-backed war crimes court began holding trials of senior leaders from both sides of the war. It made its international debut at the 2004 African Affiliates Championship, where it finished last of eight teams. Sierra Leone's third president, Ahmad Tejan Kabbah, and Sierra Leone's first Vice-President, Sorie Ibrahim Koroma, were both ethnic Mandingo. In January 1970, Bangura was arrested and charged with conspiracy and plotting to commit a coup against the Stevens government. The candidate was Major General Joseph Saidu Momoh, head of the Sierra Leone Armed Forces and Stevens' own choice to succeed him. In the map below, youll be able to see the borders of all 16 districts in Sierra Leone. One source estimates the population at 14,915,[173] whilst another puts it as high as 85,313. Soon after Albert Margai was sworn in as Prime Minister, he fired several senior government officials who had served in his elder brother Sir Milton's government, viewing them as a threat to his administration, including Karefa-Smart. In the 1860s, the country became a journalist hub for Africa, with professionals travelling to the country from across the continent. Covering a total area of 71,740km2 (27,699sqmi),[12] Sierra Leone has a tropical climate, with diverse environments ranging from savanna to rainforests. [56][57][58][59], The settlement of Sierra Leone in the 1800s was unique in that the population was composed of displaced Africans who were brought to the colony after the British abolition of the slave trade in 1807. How Many Languages Are There In The World? Tony Blair, the Prime Minister of Britain at the time of the British intervention, is regarded as a hero by the people of Sierra Leone, many of whom are keen for more British involvement.[95]. Bambay Kamara was also a strong Momoh loyalist and supporter. [25], Archaeological finds show that Sierra Leone has been inhabited continuously for at least 2,500 years;[27] populated successively by societies who migrated from other parts of Africa. [21] Bio handed power over to Ahmad Tejan Kabbah of the SLPP, after the conclusion of elections in early 1996 which Kabbah won. In 2008, CDC began supporting Sierra Leone's HIV response through the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR). In 2015, CDC established an office in Sierra Leone to focus on global health security and . List of districts of Sierra Leone by Human Development Index, "Sierra Leone unveils new geographical map", "National Electoral Commission - Press Release", "2015 Population and Housing Census Final Results", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Districts_of_Sierra_Leone&oldid=1114634415, This page was last edited on 7 October 2022, at 13:52. Bio would then return the country back to a democratic republic in 1996 through a general election. A Continental Perspective", Ebola virus epidemic in Sierra Leone#cite note-Ebola WHO 22 oct-1, "The economic impact of Ebola may kill more people than the virus itself", Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey 2008, "At Long Last, Recruitment Begins at Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation | ICFJ International Center for Journalists", "Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation (SLBC) Maiden Report 2010-2011", "Sierra Leone Editorial criticizing president prompts multiple proceedings", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing pres", "Editor arrested for comparing Sierra Leone president to a rat | Media", "Sierra Leone editors arrested after publishing article comparing president to a rat", "Sierra Leone intensifies media crackdown News", "Sierra Leone: In Sierra Leone, Journalists Held On Libel, Sedition Charges", "Press Freedoms and Human Rights:2005 Year End Press Freedom Brief", "Media use, and attitudes towards media in Sierra Leone:A comprehensive baseline study", "Cricinfo article Uganda and Sierra Leone Win Through", "Visa Issues End Sierra Leone's World Cup Dream", Key Development Forecasts for Sierra Leone, Sierra Leone 2002 Summary Trade Statistics, Hurrarc Human Rights Respect Awareness Raising Campaigners, Environmental Justice Foundation's report on pirate fishing in Sierra Leone, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights, African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands, Commonwealth Secretariat Member Countries, Comparison of American and British English, List of countries by English-speaking population, List of countries where English is an official language, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sierra_Leone&oldid=1134240923, English-speaking countries and territories, Member states of the Commonwealth of Nations, Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, States and territories established in 1961, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from June 2014, Articles with dead external links from July 2021, Articles with dead external links from August 2021, Articles with dead external links from June 2020, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from October 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Pages using infobox country or infobox former country with the symbol caption or type parameters, Articles containing Portuguese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2022, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from February 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles lacking reliable references from October 2022, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles with self-published sources from December 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 18:00. The arts in Sierra Leone are a mixture of tradition and hybrid African and western styles.[259][260][261]. The current speaker of the Sierra Leone parliament is Abass Bundu, who was elected by members of parliament on 21 January 2014. [156], As of 2012, Sierra Leone has 3 main hydroelectric plants. The provinces of Sierra Leone are divided into 16 districts, as of July 2017. Sierra Leone's former defense minister Alfred Paolo Conteh is an ethnic Limba. These At the highest level of administration, Sierra Leone is divided into five units. The highlands rise up to 700 feet, and are the highest in Sambaia Bendugu chiefdom. [148] Agriculture accounted for 58 per cent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007. Sierra Leone has a population of more than 7 million people and has some major cities that subdivide the country. Sierra Leone is also a member of the United Nations and its specialised agencies, the African Union, the African Development Bank (AFDB), the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). The provincial districts are divided into 186 chiefdoms, which have traditionally been led by paramount chiefs, recognised by the British administration in 1896 at the time of organising the Protectorate of Sierra Leone. The Mende are also Muslim majority at about 70%, though with a large Christian minority at about 30%. Freetown is located in the Western region of the country and it is a major port city on the Atlantic Ocean besides being the capital city of Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone as a country lies between latitude and longitude 12.2 degrees west and 8.5 degrees north respectively. [14][15], Sierra Leone is a constitutional republic with a unicameral parliament and a directly elected president serving a five-year term with a maximum of two terms. The vast majority of the Mende support the Sierra Leone People's Party; while the majority of the Temne support the All People's Congress.[208]. The district capital is the town of Port Loko and its . The Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which is located within the peninsula's vast rainforest reserve, just a few kilometres from the centre of Freetown, has a collection of rare and endangered chimpanzees. It is a sweet, lightly fermented palm wine,[245] and is found in bars in towns and villages across the country. In September 2014 there were many Districts with travel restrictions including Kailahun, Kenema, Bombali, Tonkolili, and Port Loko because of Ebola. The current president of Sierra Leone is former military junta leader Julius Maada Bio. With Strasser's two most senior NPRC allies and commanders Lieutenant Sahr Sandy and Lieutenant Solomon Musa no longer around to defend him, Strasser's leadership within the NPRC's Supreme Council of State became fragile. "A Systems View and Lesson from the Ongoing Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in West Africa". The Kru predominate in the Kroubay neighbourhood in the capital of Freetown. A small community of Orthodox Christians resides in the capital Freetown.[207]. The British annexation of the Protectorate interfered with the sovereignty of indigenous chiefs. The much smaller Vai and Kru peoples are primarily found in Kailahun and Pujehun Districts near the border with Liberia. However, on 23 March 1967, a group of military officers in the Sierra Leone Army led by Brigadier General Andrew Juxon-Smith, staged a counter coup against Commander Lansana. Ajisafe was apparently angry after a Zimbabwean Muslim cleric Mufti Menk had visited Sierra Leone and preached to large crowds. Momoh broke from former President Siaka Stevens by integrating the powerful SSD into the Sierra Leone Police as a special paramilitary force. Njala University was established as the Njala Agricultural Experimental Station in 1910 and became a university in 2005. The populations quoted above for the five largest cities are from the 2004 census. Stevens was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 March 1967. On 25 May 1997, 17 soldiers in the Sierra Leone army led by Corporal Tamba Gborie, loyal to the detained Major Johnny Paul Koroma, launched a military coup which sent President Kabbah into exile in Guinea and they established the Armed Forces Revolutionary Council (AFRC). In 1896 it annexed these areas, declaring them the Sierra Leone Protectorate. Much of the recovery will depend on the success of the government's efforts to limit corruption by officials, which many feel was the chief cause of the civil war. The British fired first; the northern front of mainly Temne people was led by Bai Bureh. The Vai are largely Muslim majority at about 90%, while the Kru are virtually all Christians at over 99%. [264] The city has a lot to offer to tourists. The Operation was successful with Indian and British Special Forces being the main contingents. The largest district geographically, Koinadugu, has a much lower density of 21.4 persons per square km. Sierra Leone's highways are linked to Conakry, Guinea, and Monrovia, Liberia. Because Madam Yoko supported the British, some sub-chiefs rebelled, causing Yoko to take refuge in the police barracks. [90] The NPRC Junta immediately suspended the constitution, banned all political parties, limited freedom of speech and freedom of the press and enacted a rule-by-decree policy, in which soldiers were granted unlimited powers of administrative detention without charge or trial, and challenges against such detentions in court were precluded. Sierra Leone is a country in the western region of Africa bordering Liberia, Guinea, and the Atlantic Ocean. The army was devoted to Bangura, and this made him potentially dangerous to Stevens. The city of Freetown primary economic growth is dependent on the harbor which occupies a segment of the Sierra Leone River Estuary which is one of the largest deepwater harbors in the world. [230] The centre provides free surgery for women suffering from this condition. The Temne predominate in the Northern Sierra Leone and some areas around the capital of Sierra Leone. Charles Taylor then leader of the National Patriotic Front of Liberia reportedly helped form the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) under the command of former Sierra Leonean army corporal Foday Saybana Sankoh, an ethnic Temne from Tonkolili District in Northern Sierra Leone. When the Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade was abolished in 1806, the freed slaves from Britain and the Americas were repatriated to the capital which was named Freetown. [88] Two thirds of the adult population of the country are illiterate.[212]. Sierra Leone appears on the EU list of prohibited countries with regard to the certification of airlines. Major port cities are Bonthe, Freetown, Sherbro Island and Pepel. Current ratio of men and women in absolute and relative values in Bo District, Sierra Leone. The armed forces were formed after independence in 1961, based on elements of the former British Royal West African Frontier Force present in the country. In April 2010, the SLBS merged with the United Nations peacekeeping radio station in Sierra Leone to form the Sierra Leone Broadcasting Corporation,[246][247] the government-owned current national broadcaster in Sierra Leone. On 19 July 1975, 14 senior army and government officials, including David Lansana, former cabinet minister Mohamed Sorie Forna (father of writer Aminatta Forna), Brigadier General Ibrahim Bash Taqi and Lieutenant Habib Lansana Kamara were executed after being convicted of attempting a coup to topple president Stevens' government. Thirds of the Sierra Leone. [ 114 ] illiterate. 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