http://www.westernrecorder.org/825.article. It was a printed text, not a hand-copied manuscript, created in the 15th century to fill the need for a textually accurate Greek New Testament. The Confessional Position, or Textus Receptus Only. The early Christians translated the New Testament into other languages, and we have many of these translations. One could even make the case that the Textus Receptus is overall the best Greek New Testament out there. I am so glad I sat down and read this all the way through! This is the essence of whats called the Doctrine of Preservation. 23 having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever. You are basing your conclusions on very little evidence. ----- SEPTUAGINT ALXX (Old Testament) + TR (New Testament) Accented + Strongs Numbers + Transliteration (Charles Loder Method). Wonderfully writteneasy for a truck driver to understandThe subject is like mind-candy for meIve read many articles on the topicI am biased because I agree with you on many pointsIll keep using my NKJV! Great work! But God is so rich in mercy, and he loved us so much, that even though we were dead because of our sins, he gave us life when he raised Christ from the dead. He published thousands of pages of scholarship on the Bible including the first five volumes in the standard critical text edition of the Septuagint. If you only include the Greek manuscripts, then indeed the Byzantine Text type is the majority. And all flesh shall see it together; Further, the Byzantine texts went 1000+ years with manuscripts changing very little. Not at all. Further (unless they are working in concert) the odds of them coming up with identical changes is minuscule. The name Textus Receptus comes from the preface to the 1633 edition of Abraham & Bonaventure Elzevirs Greek New Testament. One of the major underpinnings for the Majority Text theory is that scribes will generally choose to copy better manuscripts over worse manuscripts. Granted, unlike some of my brethren, I fully accept that the enduring words of God preserved in English can also be found in most translations, even the those that are Critical Text products but as one cannot separate the promise God made Abe from the word that Abe believed on, one cannot separate THE Word from the words of God that have occasioned and compelled our faith in Christ having done and doing what God said He would. Often, one scribe would read while several other scribes copied. On page 78 ofThe King James Only Controversy, author James White states: Once a variant reading appears in a manuscript, it doesnt simply go away. Do you have a post describing the actual biblical texts that have meaningful differences between the majority and critical texts? While the Confessional Position does claim that support, they dont have it. It certainly agrees with the Byzantine Majority Text quite well, and the differences are not typically very large (though certainly some are). Its titled: In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture by Alister McGrath. This looks like it completely destroys the Majority Text theory but does it? This was helpful. Byzantine or Alexandrian Solving the Bible Versions Debate by John Aziza Before beginning this terrain let's define a construction terms that ensue no vocabulary is left . If you do, the Majority Text would look radically different than the mostly pure Byzantine Majority Text that currently comprises the Majority Text. Obviously he did it, so the logic that it would be ridiculous for him to does not follow. Its not directly on the topic of adoptionism, but in my article on the Johannine Comma (1 John 5:7-8), I do point to evidence of tampering with the early manuscripts as a result of Arianism. However, the Alexandrian text type is 200 years older. Its easy to see how you could end up with a disproportionate number of copies with errors. Im going to re-quote something we looked at earlier. All human knowledge, reason and feelings are fallible and will fail us, but Gods Word is never false, never fails and is our only guide to salvation. The result is called a Critical Text. The transliterated Greek reads: dia touto opheilei h gun exousian echein epi ts kephals dia tous angelous. 15 But Thou, O Lord, art a God full of compassion, and gracious, long suffering, and plenteous in mercy and truth. A fellow Christian from Australia ^^. The verses of Gods Word that clearly promise He will preserve His Word, you have twisted and misled people. The Elzevir 1633 text promised just that in their marketing. Im not sure which. Please notice, Westcott & Horts first rule is basically older is better. Notice, he specifically said the law. The Muslims destroyed Biblical manuscripts as a matter of course, meaning very few manuscripts survived from the regions they controlled. You probably couldnt find a scholar who would praise the scribal work in Sinaiticus, and its easy to find those who deride it as the worst scribal work among the manuscripts weve found. For the other half, Scrivener was usually able to find corresponding Greek readings in the editions of Erasmus, or in theComplutensian Polyglot. Each textual family (or text type) tends to contain similar readings to other manuscripts in its family, but the readings are different from the readings of other textual families. The context makes it clear that verse 10 is referring to the human body part known as the head. The NEB is an extremely loose paraphrase; even the NIV looks better from the little looking that I did. (And thats not including quotes by including the early church fathers). Which single, specific document or manuscript do you think is entirely without error? You shall keep them, O Lord, you shall preserve them from this generation forever. NKJV Heres the same verse properly translated, in an (unfinished) translation thats fast becoming my favorite. Certainly, the Word of God (Jesus, as in John 1:1) will live and endure forever. So yeah, its WAY more complicated than that article makes it seem. Textus Receptus vs. Critical Text Textus Receptus vs. Critical Text. One thing i wanted to mention is i recently came into possession of the Eastern Orthodox Bible, New Testament. I could certainly see a case for making them the representative of the Byzantine textform, or even a starting place for a base text. It seems obvious that the entire thing wasnt going to be burned. The symbolic head covering cannot be placed over/upon a mans head but rather it must be placed over/upon a womans head. For he raised us from the dead along with Christ and seated us with him in the heavenly realms because we are united with Christ Jesus. However, theres a very big problem when someone makes a dogmatic doctrinal position without the support of scripture. Thats both amazing and very scary. Thanks, BP for a really informative article! The Textus Receptus, In fact, the most common type of Textual Variant is spelling differences, often a single letter, Combined with the ones that arent meaningful, you have. (Because the previous word ends with an n sound). In fact, the primary author/editor of the modern Critical Text (Kurt Aland) said this: B is by far the most significant of the uncials Kurt Aland, Source: The Text of the New Testament By Aland, (Note: Uncials is the plural of uncial, which refers to an all capital font. https://confessionalbibliology.com/2016/06/08/erasmian-myths-revelation-back-translated-from-the-vulgate/. Majority Text scholars take a more mathematical approach to deciding what the original text of the New Testament was. that errors never disappear but instead are copied down through the generations. If you could alter the rules or simply remove the bias against the Byzantine text type Reasoned Eclecticism stands a very good chance of producing the best results. In both classical and NT traditions there thus seems to be a scribal continuity of a basic standard text which remained relatively stable, preserved by the unforced action of copyists through the centuries who merely copied faithfully the text which lay before them. Please explain to your readers the import of the perfect tense used here. The B-I-B-L-E, Prepare the way of the Lord; Regardless of the third quotation they bring up, why is it ridiculous if thats what Erasmus explicitly stated he did, and included this statement in his annotations, and gave the reason why he included it in his annotations? 14 O God, the proud are risen against me, and the assemblies of violent men have sought after my soul; and have not set Thee before them. Lets back up to get some context. Much of what Ive read over the years tends to elevate personal opinion and mud-slinging over an objective summary of the subject. But Jesus isnt the Bible, and neither Peter nor Isaiah were talking about the Bible; they were talking about Jesus. The context would determine which of the two meanings are to be used. (Note: there are some who are near militant on the importance of the Confessional Position. Its butchered so badly that it almost doesnt even sound like the Bible in places. PS: If possible please e-mail me unless I will get an email notification of a reply to this comment. I believe there are a great number of such documents or manuscripts. Of course, that is assuming the number is correct. I used to read the NASB a lot, but I found the ESV much better, The AMP adds to the Bible, and I really hate that, I used to read the NKJV a lot too, but it shares the flaws of the KJV. We have more manuscripts of the Byzantine text type by far than the other two families combined. Also study the practice of the Muslims in burning countless Bibles as they advanced. The Confessional Position Text: The Textus Receptus. Weve examined one of these Textual Variants here on Berean Patriot before, namely: The Johannine Comma of 1 John 5:7-8: Added or Removed? The Textus Receptus - What is it? Adding to this the 34 new readings in NA28, the total number of full disagreements in the 28thedition ofNovum Testamentum Graeceagainst WH1881 is695. Danny Carlton. Thats a bad idea. So what we have are copies of copies of the original (sometimes many generations of copying deep). However, you will notice many times the words not identical verbatim. The letter of Scripture has been preserved, The Textus Receptus is Latin for Received Text, The Elzevir text is practically a reprint of the text of Beza 1565with about, Throughout Europe the Elzevir editions came to occupy a place of honor, and, 190 readings where the Authorized Version translators depart from Bezas Greek text, the translators of the King James Version did not follow exclusively any single printed edition of the New Testament in Greek, Erasmus adjusted the text in many places to correspond with readings found in the Vulgate, Byzantinetext, it differs in nearly 2000 readings from the standard form of that text-type, The AV [Authorized Version, i.e. Now that you understand the three text types/families, well move onto discussing the most popular of the three theories. Its far more likely that the sentence was there as a not-so-subtle marketing tactic. Thanks for all the hard work! I am wondering why you say that it is a matter of less than 1% of the New Testament. Ive found this information in various books: Readings are approved or rejected by reason of the quality, and not the number, of their supporting witnesses, The reading that best conforms to the grammar and context of the sentence should be preferred, The reading that best conforms to the style and content of the author should be preferred. Any further input that you have would be appreciated. However, the text theyve chosen (the Textus Receptus) isnt a bad text. Therefore, if line of reasoning interests you, you can read more here. For our purposes here, the term textus receptus means the 1550 edition of the Greek New Testament published by Robertus Stephanus. I still think the ESV is the most accurate. You say, The practice of Textual Criticism is not criticizing the Bible, its trying to recover the Bibles original text. 10 Behold, the Lord God shall come with a strong hand, You found a list provided by a deceiver and copy and pasted. (Only 1:35 long, starting at about 0:53). Has recent textual criticism increased our faith in God? Is there an English translation of the Septuagint? Majority Text vs. Critical Text vs. Textus Receptus - Textual Criticism 101 Berean Patriot March 18, 2020 Faith Articles, Textual Criticism 41 Comments There are three major competing Greek sources to use for translating the New Testament: the Critical Text, the Majority Text, and the Textus Receptus. (I confess I skimmed through parts) The Majority Text theory gives an extremely high weight to readings that are supported by the majority of manuscripts. You will find more additions than subtractions. It was shockingly balanced, very respectful, and based upon facts. The question then becomes: If you take the Majority Text theory and apply it to modern times, then theres clearly more copies of the modern Critical Text than the Majority Text. The term Septuagint, meaning "seventy," actually refers to the seventy-two translatorssix from each tribe of Israelinvolved in translating the Pentateuch from Hebrew to Greek in the third-century BCE (seventy-two is rounded down to seventy, hence the Roman numeral LXX). He wrote a long rebuttal of the Majority Text entitled: The Majority Text and the Original Text: Are They Identical? That appears to be the standard go to article for rebutting the Majority text. Thank you. Also, I agree 100% about computers and mobile devices. Try shaping your theology to the words of God, instead of what you are now doing, and I believe you will get a better understanding of just Who our Lord is and His power to save, even whores and people like you and me. I admire the zeal textual scholars have in combing through myriads of manuscripts in an effort to better understand Gods word. (as shown in the article) Further, which Textus Receptus should we use? Other names given to the Majority text include: the Antiochian text, Byzantine text, Traditional text, Apostolic text, the Eastern text and the Textus Receptus (Latin for Received Text). The Patriarchal Text and the Textus Receptus upon which the King James is based are pretty close most of the time but there are some . The remainder dont impact major doctrines, and certainly nothing concerned with salvation or the Gospel. The Byzantine text type does have some very early witnesses, (in papyri from the 200s and 300s) but these often contain Byzantine readings mixed in with the other text types. The single most common textual variant is called a moveable Nu, with Nu being the Greek letter which sounds like our N. The NKJV is a purification of the KJV. Notice that Westcott & Hort recognized the Majority Text theory, but then summarily dismissed it saying the smallest tangible evidence of other kinds was enough to overthrow it. I have to say that spiritually, I agree with your Spoiler Alert and recommendations before I even read them The Holy Spirit truly guides us into all truth! The core message of the gospel isnt compromised in any of these documents. The idea that God through His power and wisdom perfectly preserved the scriptures for faithful Christians to use in all ages. Again I must ask, which specific text/manuscript do you consider to be perfect/perfectly preserved? Lift it up, be not afraid; Praying in Tongues, Speaking in Tongues, & Glossolalia: Dont Miss the Point, Yes, The Bible CLEARLY Says Sex Outside of Marriage is Wrong, Pastors, Elders, Church Authority and REAL Leadership, Does 1 Corinthians 11 Require Women To Wear Head Coverings, http://www.katapi.org.uk/NEB/NT-Introduction-1970.pdf, https://www.christianhospitality.org/wp/bible-fraud7/, http://www.westernrecorder.org/825.article, https://confessionalbibliology.com/2016/06/08/erasmian-myths-revelation-back-translated-from-the-vulgate/, http://www.jesusisprecious.org/bible/nkjv/alexandrian_corrupt_source.htm, A Complete, 100% English Introduction to Koine Greek (with Examples in English), List of Pro-Trinity/Deity of Christ Bible Passages. (Assuming they had multiple manuscripts to choose from.). Caleb Yunni, on 17 August 2020 - 02:22 PM, said: I think you have coded wrong number at Genesis 1:1 word "G1065" I think it should be "G1093"G1065 ge (e') prt.of emphasis or qualification. I want to get as close as possible to the original text. [See HortsIntroduction, page286, 373.]. The is no Greek or Hebrew text upon which the the original KJV translators based their text. They knew clearly which ones were the true Words of God. Again, the odds of all those scribes making the same error is vanishingly low. However, this will hopefully provide a better background for you when making your own decisions about source texts. Happy indeed art thou, said the Stranger, would that I were likewise! Despite this, the Critical Text of the New Testament remains virtually unchanged from ~140 years ago. Very few if any scholars would argue that the Majority wins all the time. Yes, thats the book for me, The Bibles authority is only as great as our confidence in its reliability. Again, well go back to Westcott & Hort because they did the original work that virtually all modern New Testament translations are based on. Lets say 2 or 3 scribes start making changes to suit their own theological biases. I use a couple of versions as my preferred reading bibles (one from each side of the debate), but through the blessing of computers and powerful mobile devices, regularly reference many English and Greek editions. d. Therefore, we will refer to the two lineages based on their origins: Antioch/Antiochian and Alexandria/Alexandrian. Only problem is its sometimes so literal that its hard to understand. Now, lets look at Isaiah 40 in greater context, and youll see its clearly a Messianic passage. En toute rigueur, l'expression Textus Receptus est apparue dans l'dition du Nouveau Testament, publie en 1633 par Abraham et Bonaventure Elzvir.La prface de cette dition affirmait, en latin : Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus . texto masortico vs septuaginta pdf Facebook. I did a quick search and found this article on a website I often look at for textual variant information. Its by no means an ironclad argument, but I wouldve been remiss if we didnt talk about it here. Thats an average of 0.81 variants per verse between Vaticanus and Sinaiticus. They both believed that scribes were more likely to add content than remove content. Follo. . Amazing . They are inextricably linked. . Read reviews from world's largest community for readers. The Masoretic text is a text that has not been preserved by the Church, and so while it is worthy of study and comparison, it is not equally trustworthy. These revealed portions of manuscripts several centuries older than any previously known. We wont spend much time on these because the Westcott & Hort rules were more influential. This author is completely unaware of any proof that scribes preferred to add rather than subtract. How can two walk together unless they be agreed? Literally, Jesus became our substitute in death for sin on the cross by shedding His blood for our redemption and remission of sins, so that repentant believers will trust Him for life everlasting. BTW, you can read all of Codex Sinaiticus online if you wish at the Codex Sinaiticus Project website. Apart from a clear indication that such consensus texts were produced by formal recension, it would appear that normal scribal activity and transmissional continuity would preserve in most manuscripts not only a very ancient text, but a very pure line of very ancient text., Source. Wow! What are Gods actual words? I am wondering about your opinion of Wilbur Pickering and his stand on Family 35. That her iniquity is pardoned; But here again the principle cannot be applied mechanically. However, Aland took the opposite approach, preferring to look at all the evidence on each passage. He wrote Libretti for 'Job: a Musical Drama', 'A Psalmic Liturgy' and 16 Anthems for which his son Harold composed the music. MT: Jewish Old Testament in Hebrew and Aramaic, compiled 7th-10th Century AD from various earlier texts. Exactly. Actually, we know it did we just dont know if it happened with errors. Im still waiting for you to answer my first question. (Sir Knight of the Splendid Way, W.E. So when you get outside the Gospels, Alexandrius becomes very important manuscript. Dan Wallace, Source: YouTube. I see that you are emphasizing carefully the word perfect preservation of Scripture. It bears traces of careless transcription in every page. Could this have been mis-transcribed from the end of chapter 19: So from 1504 to 1516 he was collating manuscripts. That brings us to 30 total manuscripts. Jesus is the Living Word, the Word Personified, the Word made flesh. He returned to the monastery some 15 years later, partially in hopes of recovering the manuscript. The Septuagint (/sptudnt/), or simply "LXX", is the Koine Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, erroniously assumed to be translated in stages between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC in Alexandria. Im 23 (born again when I was 20) and have been studying which Greek textual basis best reflects the NT Scripture as originally penned for about 2 1/2 years now. The definitions and theories were laid out very distinctly and well sourced. It is a great Bible for reading and study too and i am thoroughly enjoying it. Well talk more about this later. 22 Since you have purified your souls in obeying the truth through the Spirit in sincere love of the brethren, love one another fervently with a pure heart. But who knows what other historical activities were involved with the disappearance of NT Greek MSS and that what we have today truly represents the quality copies that were made? Is there not an element of faith in your critique? I first read the NKJV cover to cover 2 years ago and then last year I discovered the NASB which I am now reading cover to cover. Now some might object by saying the King James translators used a better source document. The name first appeared in an advertising blurb in the 1630s in a different Greek New Testament published by the Elzevirs, and uncle and his nephew. I understand that there are different versions of the Textus Receptus. They have thrown the baby out with the wash. Look at your own readers. It played an important role in the publication of the King James Bible and, indirectly, the history of the church [6]. However, a significant number of variants can be explained by this simple scribal error. Textual Variants that are Meaningful and Viable, New Testament Textual Families or Text Types, The Critical Text Theory, aka Reasoned Eclecticism, The Rules of Textual Criticism According to Reasoned Eclecticism. 3 The voice of one crying in the wilderness: The KJV reads: For this cause ought the woman to have power on her head because of the angels. No scribal duties for me. Its just about the only translation that renders it properly as sons of Israel instead of children/people of Israel in the OT. One of the major underpinnings for the Majority Text theory is that scribes will generally choose to copy better manuscripts over worse manuscripts. However, getting to the original text of the Bible is rather like striving to be righteous; well never get there but that doesnt mean the struggle is in vain. Taken literally, you are saying that the pure Word of God was originally inspired, but no one today could ever claim to hold that pure Word in their own hands. Ill freely admit that this article isnt practical for most Christians. Lets go through it one chunk at a time. You can read the full list here, but it contains the actual Greek variations so youll need to know Greek to read it. They range from the alteration of a single letter to the insertion of whole sentences. References have been made to other textual platforms, such as Nestle-Aland Critical Text, the Majority Text and Textus Receptus. Does 1 Corinthians 11 Require Women To Wear Head Coverings. I dont have particular references for that other than reading quotes of his letters to that regard here and there. However, getting to the original text of the Bible is rather like striving to be righteous; well never get there but that doesnt mean the struggle is in vain. Thats only a 2400 word difference (1.7%), and just two variants (the ending of Mark and the story of the woman caught in adultery) account for a significant portion of that difference. The Textus Receptus constituted the translation-base for the original German Luther Bible, the translation of the New Testament into English by William Tyndale, the King James Version, the Spanish Reina-Valera translation, the Czech Bible of Kralice, and most Reformation-era New Testament translations throughout Western and Central Europe. Lets further assume the persistence of errors, which assumes every mistake is copied down to every manuscript after it. Only one reading can be original, however many variant readings there may be. These differences are minor, and pale into insignificance when compared with the approximately 6,000 differences (many of which are quite substantial) between the Alexandrian Critical Text and the Textus Receptus. Thank you for this wonderful, well informed article. It would likely end up looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid. Its easy to explain these variants when you see how these words are spelled in the Greek, so here are the first three words of the verse in each Textual Variant: Context tells us that npioi (little children) cant be intended, and since the previous word begins with n, its easy to see how the mistake was made (doubling the n). 12 I will praise Thee, O Lord my God, with all my heart: and I will glorify Thy name for evermore. The authorities of the convent allowed me to possess myself of a third of these parchments, or about forty-three sheets, all the more readily as they were destined for the fire. Do you believe that there is no church in the whole world that actually has the preserved Word of God? Further the Majority Text theory could be in trouble if it could be proven that large chunks of manuscripts were lost. How does this article fold in with the Best Bible Version article? An inspired Bible that was not preserved would be little more than a tainted book of history and moral lessons. I believe God is still preserving His Word today! Do specific words even matter, or is it the message that is the most important thing? It simply means He has promised to preserve His Word for His true church in every generation. You are arguing from the side opposite of Gods promise to preserve His Word, and Im sure that you will never win. 8 The grass withers, the flower fades, Amen! I recommend my article: A Few Fun Things About Biblical (Koine) Greek since I have some resources at the end which should help. The second is the comparison of the Masoretic text to the Greek translation called the Septuagint (or LXX), which was written around 200-150 B.C. How can I claim modern Bibles (well, the Greek/Hebrew from which they are translated) are entirely inerrant unless I have an inerrant text to translate from? 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As sons of Israel instead of children/people of Israel in the standard Critical Text the. ; even the NIV looks better from the end of chapter 19: so 1504! 1:35 long, starting at about 0:53 ) sometimes so literal that its hard to.... Article ) further, which Textus Receptus vs. Critical Text to 1516 he was collating manuscripts is matter. Are arguing from the preface to the original Text endure forever glad i down. Could end up looking like an Alexandrian/Byzantine hybrid to article for rebutting the Majority....